# Liquid Film Defects

Human page: https://retifist.com/literature-reviews/liquid-film-defect-atlas

## Executive summary

Industrial defect names for liquid-latex film: pinholes (air), blown gel (low Chloroform No.), RH windows, webbing/dewebbing, incomplete leach discoloration.[^1][^2][^3]

Use with [Coagulant dipping](/literature-reviews/liquid-coagulant-dipping-wearable-thickness) and [Former dip, mould cast, and flat spread](/literature-reviews/liquid-former-dip-vs-mould-cast-vs-flat-spread).

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## Symptom → industrial name → first check

| Craft symptom | Industrial term | First check |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pinprick leaks | Pinholes (air) | Compound air; tank fill[^1] |
| Soft mushy gel | Blown gel / low wet gel | Chloroform No.; coagulant strength[^1] |
| Sticky threads | Webbing | Dewebbing mist; octyl alcohol[^1] |
| Second coat will not bond | Skin-dry / lamination fail | RH too low; CR dry time[^1] |
| Weak cured film, chalky | Undercure / moisture | RH too high; oven[^1] |
| Yellowing after storage | Leach / aging | Warm leach complete[^2] |
| Tank skin / sudden thin deposit | Over- or under-stability | Mechanical stability window[^1] |

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## Plant notes

Mild vacuum on storage; do not entrain air filling the tank. Pinholes = reject.[^1] Webbing: fine mist octyl alcohol or silicone/oil emulsions; 0.125–0.25 phr octyl alcohol can reduce oil spotting (wait 4 h).[^1]

Functional defects also include weak spots, tears, bead faults, low tensile, dimensional error, high protein from poor leach.[^3] Cause/remedy language: insufficient coagulant dry, under-cure, oven temp, coagulant strength, TSC.[^3]

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<details>
<summary>Deep dive: Functional defect taxonomy</summary>

Practical Guide dipped-goods QC list and cause/remedy matrix.[^3]

</details>

<details>
<summary>Deep dive: Leach and storage discoloration</summary>

Incomplete leach leaves coagulant salts that accelerate discoloration under heat/light.[^2] See [Liquid aging, storage, and care](/literature-reviews/liquid-aging-storage-and-care).

</details>

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## Endnotes

[^1]: Vanderbilt Latex Handbook — dipped-goods defects, RH, webbing, chloroform number (Ch 16).
[^2]: Vanderbilt Latex Handbook — incomplete leach and discoloration (antidegradants chapter).
[^3]: *Practical Guide to Latex Technology* — dipping defects and cause/remedy matrix (Ch 4).